Análisis de la Jerga Política y sus Nuevos Interlocutores
El académico de la Facultad de Humanidades de la Universidad de Playa Ancha, Dr. Juan Pablo Reyes, analiza su jerga y a sus nuevos interlocutores, discursos y discusiones.
A propósito de las Elecciones Primarias que se realizaron hace unas semanas atrás en 2 regiones y 60 comunas de nuestro país, el académico de la Facultad de Humanidades de la Universidad de Playa Ancha, Dr. Juan Pablo Reyes, se refiere a la jerga política chilena y a sus nuevos interlocutores, discursos y discusiones.
Desde el 2019, comenta el Dr. en Lingüística, el diálogo sociopolítico chileno profundizó su lento y permanente cambio hacia nuevos paradigmas socioculturales que la ciudadanía demanda por todos los medios, modos y canales expresivos. Antecedentes hay de sobra: el mochilazo (2001), el movimiento estudiantil (2011) y las tomas feministas (2018) que aportaron novedosas expresiones y modos de comunicarse facilitados por creativos slogans, coros, bailes, grafittis, pancartas y memes que han sido difundidas por el ciberactivismo.
El especialista plantea que en la jerga política se usa un tipo de léxico que permite dar cuenta de una tradición y una innovación lingüística representado en conceptos como: estallido social, primera línea, los retiros, octubrismo, habitar el cargo, Frente Amplio, Chile Vamos, Amarillos, Lista del Pueblo, constituyente, convención, consejo constitucional, batalla cultural.
“Como características generales de este hablar podemos mencionar dos aspectos gramaticales, el lexicogenético con los sufijos –ismo e –ista y con el prefijo ex, por ejemplo, frenteamplismo, negacionismo, octubrista, obstruccionismo, lobista, feminismo, exconstituyente, ñuñoismo, antigabrielismo, expresidente, exmiembro del consejo, exvocero. Además, de otro grupo de prefijos relacionados con jerarquías administrativas, esto es, subsecretario, vicepresidente, biministro, codirector, y el recurso de las siglas, a saber: TPP 11, PGU, SLEP o PAES”, ejemplifica Juan Pablo Reyes.
Desde la retórica, “podemos descubrir otra característica relevante de este coloquio político, su alta productividad de metáforas, que poco aportan a la explicación; son, específicamente, eufemismos que tergiversan, manipulan y descontextualizan el tema, pero sí logran cuñas periodísticas que les permiten ser trending topic. Ejemplo: “No son 30 pesos, son 30 años”, “Esto no prendió”, “Estamos en guerra contra un enemigo poderoso, implacable, que no respeta a nada ni a nadie”, “Dialogar hasta que duela”, el Bukele, el Bolsonaro, el Trump, el Milei chileno, el sheriff, “Cómo va a sufrir el próximo gobierno y yo voy a tomar palco”.
El académico de la UPLA añade que tras elevarse los estándares de probidad y transparencia surgió una lista de voces referidas a servidores públicos que fueron a comparecer ante tribunales, ya sea como formalizados, imputados y sentenciados. Reflejo de esto son las voces narcopolítica, narcoconcejal, narcomunicipalidad, caso fundaciones, caso Hermosilla, y, recientemente, los anglicismos lawfare, fakenews, bots, woke.
Finalmente, “se puede notar que los políticos actuales han preferido una forma de hablar que oxida la acción comunicativa, contagiándola con el síndrome verbal del Alaraco, con apodos y ninguneos, que se reflejan en expresiones como: karamanés, merluzo, travesti político, mamarracho, kastitución, voltereta, “los verdaderos chilenos”, “Más Narbona, menos Craig”, “Nuestra escala de valores dista de la generación que nos antecedió”, entre muchas otras, las que no solo dificultan la comunicación efectiva sino que el ejercicio de la democracia”.
- Texto: Dr. Juan Pablo Reyes
- Académico de la Facultad de Humanidades Universidad de Playa Ancha
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