Paso a paso - Villa Alemana
Salud

GUÍA DEL PASO A PASO

Por Fernando Andrés Schifferli Salazar / 23 de noviembre de 2020 
El Ministerio de Salud (MINSAL), hace 4 definiciones de casos para personas que puedan o no estar infectadas con el COVID-19:

1. Caso sospechoso
Paciente que presenta un cuadro agudo con al menos dos de los síntomas compatibles con COVID-19: fiebre (37,8ºC o más), tos, disnea, dolor torácico, odinofagia, mialgias, calofríos, cefalea, diarrea, o pérdida o disminución brusca del olfato (anosmia o hiposmia) o del gusto (ageusia o disgeusia).
O bien, paciente con infección respiratoria aguda grave (que requiere hospitalización).

2. Caso confirmado
Toda persona que cumpla con la definición de caso sospechoso en que la prueba específica para SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), resultó “positiva” (RT-PCR).

3. Caso confirmado asintomático
Toda persona asintomática identificada a través de estrategia de búsqueda activa en que la prueba especifica de SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) resultó “positiva” (RT-PCR).

4. Caso probable
4.1 Caso probable por resultado de laboratorio: paciente que cumple con la definición de caso sospechoso en el cual el resultado de la RT-PCR es indeterminado, o bien tiene una prueba antigénica (de anticuerpos) para el SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) positiva.

4.2 Caso probable por nexo epidemiológico: persona que ha estado en contacto estrecho con un caso confirmado, y desarrolla fiebre (temperatura axilar mayor o igual a 37,8ºC) o al menos dos síntomas compatibles con COVID-19 dentro de los 14 días posteriores al contacto. El caso probable por nexo epidemiológico no requiere realizarse un examen de RT-PCR para SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Si por cualquier motivo, un caso probable se realiza un examen confirmatorio y este resulta positivo, se considerará como caso confirmado. Por el contrario, si el resultado es negativo o indeterminado, se seguirá considerando caso probable. 

4.3 Caso probable por imágenes: caso sospechoso con resultado de RT-PCR para SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) negativo pero que cuenta con una Tomografía Computarizada de Tórax (TC de Tx) con imágenes características de COVID-19 según el informe radiológico (del TC de Tx). 

4.4 Caso probable por síntomas: persona que presenta pérdida brusca y completa del olfato (anosmia) o del sabor (ageusia) sin causa que lo explique.

Nota: Los casos probables se deben manejar para todos los efectos como casos confirmados:

– Aislamiento por 11 días a partir de la fecha de inicio de los síntomas.

– Identificación y cuarentena de sus contactos estrechos.

– Licencia médica.
Fuente: https://www.minsal.cl/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/201006-Definici%C3%B3n-de-caso-sospechoso.pdf

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